Consequently, Cong Fu gymnastics was developed to keep the body in good, working condition. It was recognized that physical inactivity was associated with certain diseases (referred to as organ malfunctions and internal stoppages, which sound similar to heart disease and diabetes) were preventable with regular exercise for fitness. In China, the philosophical teachings of Confucius encouraged participation in regular physical activity (4). simultaneously decreasing daily physical activity.Īncient civilizations - China and India (2500-250 B.C.) This era in history symbolizes the beginning of a more sedentary lifestyle, as man began to alleviate some hardships of life while. These human advancements made it possible for hunting-gathering tribes to obtain vast amounts of food while remaining in the same area, thus transforming primitive man into an agrarian (agriculture and farming) society (3). This historic period was defined by important agricultural developments including animal and plant domestication, and the invention of the plow. The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution marked the conclusion of primitive lifestyle and signified the dawn of civilization. The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution (10,000-8,000 B.C.) This Paleolithic pattern of subsistence pursuit and celebration, demanding a high level of fitness and consisting of various forms of physical activity, defined human life (2). Following successful hunting and gathering excursions, celebration events included trips of six to 20 miles to neighboring tribes to visit friends and family, where dancing and cultural games could often last several hours. Regular physical activity apart from that necessary for hunting and gathering was also a principal component of life. Tribes commonly went on one- or two- day hunting journeys for food and water. Primitive nomadic lifestyles required the continual task of hunting and gathering food for survival (1). Primitive man and fitness (pre-10,000 B.C) This article will highlight historical events and influential individuals who have shaped the history of fitness beginning with primitive man up to the foundation of the modern fitness movement.
Today, though no longer driven by subsistence requirements, fitness remains paramount to health and well-being. Throughout prehistoric time, man's quest for fitness has been driven by a desire to survive through hunting and gathering.
and Len Kravitz, Ph.D.Īs we enter the 21st century, one of the greatest accomplishments to be celebrated is the continuous pursuit of fitness since the beginning of mans existence.
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